Monday 20 February 2017

Why Science is Needed?

Science is beyond physics, chemistry or biology. It transcends the boundaries of engineering or medical field, rather it touches upon the life of each of the individual living on this planet. It often happens that when we or our dear ones gets affected by diseases like jaundice (treatment of which is more dependent on relevant diet and adequate rest) or chicken pox, we turn up to self made godmen or babas for instant relief. Do you remember your mother taking you to temple priest when you got affected by some viral diseases termed in Hindu religion as Mata (referring to Indian goddess)? As if God wanted you to get ill.

Medical science has often remained at loggerheads with superstitious ideas prevalent in our society. And there are some positive arguments in what medical sciences says. The baba culture or tantric culture prevalent in rural regions of our country has often derived benefits from ignorance and backwardness in the rural society. Having said that, ignorance is not limited to rural or poor people alone, I remember how the famous Indian sportsperson used to bow down in front of a baba who would wave his hands in air and magically shell out a gold chain or a watch - this is nothing but what is better known as haath ki safai.

Ask these babas to produce stock of grains so that no child in our country die of starvation. I know they would never do it because they don't have means to do it. In some other instances, when one visits the holy places like Haridwar, one just can not miss these babas with pierced tongue in which the trishul (trident) is well placed to create an aura of godly powers. Sometimes I wonder how many 'Supermans' do we have.

This is a serious issue though. Our country is progressing by leaps and bounds but these superstitious ideas keep pulling us back into the culture of oblivion. The western perception of India as a 'country of snake-charmers' has still not left us completely. These ideas are like 'mental slavery' to which most Indians are subjected to - the most visible manifestation of which is witch-hunt often reported in some states in central India.

Some progressive steps have been taken by the state governments and some rational individuals in our country but unless this turns into a national movement wherein each citizen has its own contribution, superstitions can not die. The priority now should be to educate students to build scientific temperament among them. The idea is to propagate scientific inquiry among the minds of younger generation so that they can insulate themselves from this form of slavery.

Thursday 16 February 2017

Celebrating Girl Child By Planting Trees

There is a very interesting tradition in Dharhara village near Bhagalpur, Bihar that has become a model for women empowerment across India. According to the tradition whenever a girl child is born in a family, the community celebrate her birth by singing folk songs and the concerned family plant 10 fruit trees. This tradition has been going on for generations but recently came into limelight when the chief minister of Bihar acknowledged this practice and decided to make this the theme for the Republic Day tableau.

According to one estimate the approximate number of fruit bearing trees in this village is two lakh. The concept is simple yet encouraging, as the girl child is born the parents according to their financial capacity plant trees of their choice. The trees are mainly of some economic value like Seesam for its timber or fruit trees like Litchi or Mango. It would be amazing to know that the village boasts of 25 varieties of mangoes growing in their region.

As the age of the girl child progresses, the economic value of the tree also grows. The products from the tree are sold in the market to finance the educational and other needs of the girl. This way the orthodox mindset of the families to perceive girls as a 'burden' nullifies. And when the girl child reaches the marriageable age, the family often accumulates enough wealth to meet the marriage expenses. It has also been observed that every year the community celebrates the birthday of the girl child along with the trees planted on that day.

This practice has a multifold benefits. Primarily it financially empowers the family to meet the needs of the girl child and of themselves. Secondly, as the natural wealth of the village improves, the ecosystem services like fresh air, clean water, microclimate and soil productivity also improves which further consolidates the well being of the community as a whole.

In India, where the problem of illegal sex determination and female foeticide are giving nightmares to the government, the example set by this village has given a new direction to women empowerment  (WE). This is also an effective lesson for the bureaucracy to think environment and development in inclusive terms.

The forest officers in the state must take the onus to emulate such practices in their area of operations by creating awareness and providing technical know-how to the community to plant only those trees which best suits the geographic condition of that region.

The precedent set by this village in Bihar and the States like Haryana, which has recently crossed the sex ratio of 900 are very motivating and must be emulated by rest of the States in India for their model of women empowerment.

Tuesday 7 February 2017

Environment and Ecology

Question 1 Which of the following is/are the quantitative thresholds for recognising a region as 'biodiversity Hot Spot' ?

a) Plants endemism.
b) Habitat loss.
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Question 2 Which of the following is not a 'biodiversity Hot Spot' in India?

a) Western Himalayas
b) Eastern Himalayas or Indo-Burma region.
c) Western Ghats
d) Eastern Ghats

Question 3 'Hope Spots' are meant to conserve which of the following kinds of ecosystems?

a) Marine ecosystems.
b) Terrestrial ecosystems.
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Question 4 Which of the following is not assessed for the 'IUCN Red List' of globally threatened species?

a) Algae
b) Fungi
c) Plants
d) Animals

Answers

1) c
2) d
3) a
4) a

Thursday 2 February 2017

Union Budget 2017 : Economic Reforms

Question 1: Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to 'Direct Taxes' for the year 2015-16?

a) Direct Tax to GDP Ratio has been falling since financial year 2013-14.
b) Net collection of Direct Taxes has been increasing since financial year 2010-11.
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Question 2 Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to targets fixed for 'Fiscal and Revenue Deficit' in the economy?

a) Fiscal deficit target for the year 2017-18 has been fixed at 3.2% of GDP.
b) Revenue deficit target for the year 2017-18 has been fixed at 1.9% of GDP.
c) Fiscal deficit target for the year 2018-19 has been set at 3% of GDP.
d) None of the above.

Question 3 Which of the following measures has/have been taken to boost the rural demand and consumption in the economy?

a) Higher allocation of Rs 40,000 crore for rural housing and roads.
b) Cut in corporate tax to 25% for SMEs with turnover less than Rs 50 crore a year.
c) Both a and b.
d) Neither a nor b.

Question 4 With respect to tax imposed on income of the individuals, which of the following announcements has not been made under the Union Budget 2017?

a) Reduction in income tax rate to 5% for the tax slab of 2.5 lakh to 10 lakh.
b) A surcharge of 10% on the net taxable income between Rs 50 lakh to Rs 1 crore.
c) A levy of 10% tax on dividend income exceeding Rs 10 lakh with few exceptions.
d) All of the above statements are correct.

Question 5 To allow the banks to focus on 'value based banking', what limit has been set for cash-led transactions in the economy?

a) Rs 2 lakh.
b) Rs 3 lakh.
c) Rs 10 lakh.
d) Rs 5 lakh

Answers

1) c
2) d
3) c
4) a, Reduction in income tax rate to 5% for the tax slab of 2.5 lakh to 5 lakh.
5) b

For More Questions Click Here : Union Budget Part-1

Union Budget 2017 : Part-1

Question 1 For which of the following recommendations of the 'Economic Survey', specific provisions has/have been taken under the Union Budget 2017?

a) Establishing a 'bad bank'.
b) Implementing 'Universal Basic Income' scheme.
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Question 2 With respect to instituting reforms in 'poll financing' or 'political funding', which of the following measures has not been proposed under the Union Budget 2017?

a) Limiting the anonymous or unnamed cash donations from a single person to Rs 2000/-.
b) An 'electoral bond scheme' to make donations to political parties.
c) Creation of a 'national electoral fund'.
d) Entitling political parties to receive donations by cheque or digital mode.

Question 3 Which of the following organisations has been proposed to abolish under the Union Budget 2017?

a) FIPB
b) BCCI
c) CERT-In
d) None of the above

Question 4 With respect to the health sector, which of the following announcements has/have been made under the Union Budget 2017?

a) Two new AIIMS to be established in Jharkhand and Gujarat.
b) Hiking taxes on tobacco products excluding beedis.
c) An action plan to eliminate Kala-azar, Filariasis, Leprosy, Measles and Tuberclosis.
d) All of the above.

Question 5 To strengthen the e-payment systems in the country, the centre has proposed a new regulatory board - the Payment Regulatory Board. Which of the following statements is/are correct in this respect?

a) The board will be set up under the control of SEBI.
b) The board is based on the recommendations of Dr. Ratan Watal Committee on Digital Payments.
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b  

Answers

1) d
2) c
3) a
4) d
5) b , The six-member board will be set up within the RBI. It would be headed by the RBI's Governor.